metal poisoning from vaping symptoms

These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. To do the test, theyll take a small blood sample and test it for signs of heavy metals. Nickel allergy and allergic contact dermatitis: A clinical review of immunology, epidemiology, exposure, and treatment. Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention, How to Get Relief From Tinnitus: All About Diagnosis and Treatment, Home Remedies and Integrative Treatments for Vertigo, Vertigo Treatment to Get Rid of Spinning, Dizziness, Improperly coated food containers, plates, and cookware, Ingestion of insecticides, herbicides, and pesticides, Pumping of the stomach to remove ingested metals, Fluids administered intravenously (through an IV). Learn more about how chelation therapy works. Removing heavy metals from your body leads to a positive prognosis. It only occurs when youve been exposed to a significant amount of heavy metal, usually over a long period of time. Some people, who have started a heavy metals detox, have said it helps with their positive thinking, too. Studies are ongoing to find a treatment for cadmium poisoning. Using an e-cigarette is sometimes called vaping, from the word vapor. Nickel allergy: How to avoid exposure and reduce symptoms. Heavy metal poisoning (toxicity) is the result of exposure to heavy metals like lead, mercury and arsenic. Chronic inhalation of these metals has been linked to lung, liver, immune, cardiovascular and brain damage, and even cancers. . This happens if you get a high dose at one time, like in a chemical accident in a factory or after a child swallows a toy made with lead. Occasional exposure wont lead to heavy metal poisoning. Research suggests that gender may influence how a person reacts to metal toxicity, but more research needs to be done to confirm how and why. Consistent with prior studies, they found minimal amounts of metals in the e-liquids within refilling dispensers, but much larger amounts of some metals in the e-liquids that had been exposed to the heating coils within e-cigarette tanks. In fact, aluminum and non-stick cookware are the main offenders, as they expose you to the carcinogenic nickel. That may have been so with EVALI, but vaporizer pens are not risk-free. High levels of cadmium can lead to poisoning, with symptoms such as headaches, vomiting, diarrhea, and fever. Chelating drugs are only used in acute cases of poisoning because theres a risk that they can also deplete your body of essential minerals, like iron, that it needs to function, or cause the metals to enter your bloodstream, which could lead them to travel to organs like the brain. But nickel can be found in many everyday items, such as coins, zippers, eyeglass frames, cosmetics, detergents, and even some electronics, including cellphones and laptops. Nowadays, its very popular to use a thermos or a thermal cup to bring your hot drink into work or school. Vaping generally affects three main systems: Mouth and airways: Irritation, cough and increased airway resistance Heart and circulation: Chest pain, increased blood pressure and increased heart rate Stomach: Vomiting and nausea Other key points about vaping use include: You can vape drugs other than nicotine, such as THC and CBD Nickel allergy signs and symptoms include: If you have a skin rash and don't know how you got it, talk to your doctor. There are several drugs available to remove heavy metals from your body. "The public health implications of this are substantial given the increasing trend towards legalization of cannabis for recreational and medical purposes," they wrote. Giant cells in the patient's damaged lung tissue are seen clearly under the microscope. And though government regulatory agencies have pulled vaporizer products from shelves for higher than allowed levels of lead found in vaporizer hardware and components, there arent yet reports of medical complications directly tied to heavy metal contamination in the literature. If you work with heavy metals, always wear a mask or other safety equipment. Heavy metal poisoning and cardiovascular disease. From 1988 to 2014, the percentage of children ages 1 to 5 years with elevated blood lead levels declined from 25.6 percent to 1.9 percent. We will beat ANY If you have acute heavy metal poisoning meaning you were exposed to a large amount of metal at once (for example, by swallowing a toy) your symptoms may include: Confusion Numbness Nausea. This can lead to brain damage, since their brains are still developing. Weakness, slow reflexes, or unable to control muscles Pale skin You will need to go to a hospital if your symptoms progress to include seizures, respiratory failure, cardiac arrest, breathing difficulties or even coma. If you're otherwise healthy, the cause for that metallic tang typically is benign. Try replacing all your kitchen items with glass, enamel, cast iron, or titanium. The great vaporizer-lung crisis of late 2019, in which at least 68 people died and 2,807 were sickened with e-cigarette, or vaping product use associated lung injury, or EVALI, as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention classified the acute lung ailments developed after using cannabis or tobacco vaporizers, was great news for marijuana legalization. 19 Secondhand smoke from vape is harmful, too Individuals experienced shortness of breath, coughing, and wheezing. Heavy metals bind to parts of your cells that prevent your organs from doing their job. Burks AW, et al. Exposure may occur through the diet, from medications, from the environment, or in the course of work or play. The main step is to stay away from whatever made you sick so you dont make the problem worse. Cleveland Clinic is a non-profit academic medical center. Cadmium is used extensively in electroplating, although the nature of the operation does . Carbon monoxide poisoning affects the brain and heart the most. According to recently published research, the vaporizer devices themselves have the potential to poison users with heavy metals, leached into cannabis vapor during the heating process and inhaled. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. The source of her illness was a vape pen that did not come with pre-filled cartridges, meaning she had to purchase e-liquid from someone else. American Academy of Dermatology. The goal of treatment is to remove the metal from your body. This patient did not work in an industrial setting where she would be exposed to heavy metalsshe was a dog walker. Our experts continually monitor the health and wellness space, and we update our articles when new information becomes available. Gender Differences in the Disposition and Toxicity of Metals. But high levels of most heavy metals can cause health problems. Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention, Potential Tinnitus Complications and Long-Term Effects, What Is Vaginal Discharge? Vaping-related lipoid pneumonia is the result of inhaling oily substances found in e-liquid, which sparks an inflammatory response in the lungs. Examples of heavy metals that can cause toxicity include lead, mercury, arsenic, cadmium, and chromium. Most importantly, the scientists showed that the metal contamination carried over to the aerosols produced by heating thee-liquids. But lots of websites claim its common and blame it, without proof, for all sorts of health problems. The amount of time between treatment and when youll feel better depends on the amount of metal in your body that needs to be removed. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, Study: Lead and Other Toxic Metals Found in E-CigaretteVapors, Inclusion, Diversity, Anti-Racism, and Equity (IDARE). If you already have a nickel allergy, the best way to prevent an allergic reaction is to avoid contact with the metal. Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. An accumulation of heavy metals within your body causes heavy metal poisoning. Using an e-cigarette is commonly called vaping. "It has a distinctive and unusual appearance that is not observed in other diseases," said case report co-author Dr. Kirk Jones, a professor of pathology at the University of California, San Francisco. The researchers did observe, however, that aerosol metal concentrations tended to be higher for e-cigarettes with more frequently changed coilssuggesting that fresher coils give off metals morereadily. What Is Whipple Disease? The number of people diagnosed with heavy metal poisoning decreased significantly over the last 20 years because of awareness and preventative measures to remove heavy metals from homes. This involves giving medication, either through a pill or injection, that binds to the heavy metals in your body. Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention, What Are Mouth Lesions? Contact Dermatitis. The following metals are the ones most tested for: Duration depends on the type and amount of metal a person has been exposed to. The treatment youll get for your vertigo symptoms will depend on whats causing them. Results indicate that chromium, copper, nickel, as well as smaller amounts of lead, manganese, and tin migrate into the cannabis oil and inhaled vapor phase, resulting in a possible acute intake of an amount of inhaled metals above the regulatory standard of multiple governmental bodies, they added, noting that smoke and vapor from cannabis flower and cannabis concentrate did not produce the same results, indicating that the vape pens heating devices were to blame. When this patients lung tissue was examined, doctors did not find the usual signs of vaping. Well also tell you the, Let's look at symptoms of copper toxicity, the most likely sources of exposure to this metal, and what you can do to prevent your exposure to high, Thinking of doing a mercury detox? "When we diagnose it, we are looking for occupational exposure to metal dust or vapor, usually cobalt, as a cause.". Get useful, helpful and relevant health + wellness information. The angel's trumpet is a beautiful plant, but the leaves and flowers are poisonous to humans and animals. All rights reserved. They then get flushed out with your pee. This site is not intended to provide, and does not constitute, medical, health, legal, financial or other professional advice. osha.gov/SLTC/cadmium/healtheffects.htmlhttps://www.osha.gov/SLTC/cadmium/healtheffects.html, medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/heavy-metal-blood-test/, rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/6577/heavy-metal-poisoning, Debra Sullivan, Ph.D., MSN, R.N., CNE, COI, Mercury Detox: Separating Fact from Fiction, What You Need to Know About Ricin Poisoning, What You Need to Know About the Effects of Angels Trumpet Poisoning, White Mulberry Leaf Extract Linked to Woman's Death: What to Know, spots on your skin, such as warts or lesions, living in an area that has high levels in rocks, water, and soil, ingesting insecticides, pesticides, or herbicides, working in an industrial setting, especially one where ore is processed or smelted, welding on alloys that contain cadmium or using silver solders, living in a home with high levels of lead-based paint, doing industrial construction work, radiator repair, or smelter operations, applying progressive hair dyes, though the, using foreign digestive remedies, calcium products, kohl, surma, kajal, or progressive hair dyes, mining, producing, or transporting mercury, manufacturing mirrors, X-ray machines, incandescent lights, or vacuum pumps. 2020; doi:10.2174/1871530320666200128141900. However, it's not always easy to avoid nickel because it's present in so many products. Better yet, consult with your doctor before you take them! Some foods that contain high amounts of nickel include soy products, peas, canned foods, cocoa powder, clams and cashews. If your hands have to touch nickel, wearing gloves may help. Heavy metals fight with components in your cells, like enzymes and proteins. Toxic metal poisoning can be the result of metals that have leached into the liquid and then are taken into the body through vaping. Second, although the levels found in e-cigarettes may pose some residual risk, it is by far lower compared to tobacco cigarettes. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. An early diagnosis and treatment prevent life-threatening symptoms from affecting your body. You wouldnt think that kitchenware can be made from harmful materials, right? These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. Hypomania is Alzheimer's disease, a neurodegenerative disorder that impairs memory and cognitive abilities, affects millions worl Bipolar 1 disorder, or manic-depressive illness, is a severe mental health condition. For an optimal experience visit our site on another browser. Make sure to monitor yourself (and ones you may be worried about) over time. If youre concerned about heavy metal poisoning, there are a few steps you can take to reduce your exposure to heavy metal poisoning: Last medically reviewed on December 13, 2018. Power of Positivity uses cookies to give you the most relevant experience. Heavy metal poisoning occurs when microscopic molecules of metals accumulate within your body after exposure. Scientists suggest making a few key changes to your lifestyle to throw away all offending chemicals: here are a few things you can consider incorporating into your day. Working with participants devices, which they brought to the researchers lab at the Bloomberg School, the scientists tested for the presence of 15 metals in the e-liquids in the vapers refilling dispensers, the e-liquids in their coil-containing e-cigarette tanks and in the generatedaerosols. If you know that you were exposed to heavy metals and youre experiencing symptoms, visit your healthcare provider. It is becoming more apparent that vaping isnt a safe alternative to smoking. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. She suffered from a pattern usually seen in patients diagnosed with hard-metal lung disease. Vahter M, Akesson A, Lidn C, et al. Researchers reported detecting measurable levels of chromium, nickel and copperthree metals known to be in the heating elements and coils of vaporizer pensin the resulting aerosols. Fatigue is a symptom of many conditions. You can do this by: If you live in an environment with high levels of pollution or unsafe drinking water, you are at risk of getting heavy metal poisoning again if your environment doesnt improve. Are there side effects to the treatment you recommend? Symptoms may include: If the diagnosis of heavy metal poisoning is made before permanent damage is suspected, the prognosis is good. Vaping is popular in part because it provides the nicotine hit and the look and feel of tobacco-smoking but without smokings extreme health risks. WebMD does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. shortness of breath. Advanced TRS is simply the mineral zeolite and pure water. I cover cannabis capitalism: legalizations winners, losers, scammers and suckers. The particles you inhale while vaping can cause inflammation (swelling) and irritation in your lungs. Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment, What Is Vaginal Itching? For information on removing toxic metals from your body after exposure through vaping, visit the. The authors said their case report illustrates an urgent need for regulation of vaping devices. Some water filters will remove it from your water, but if youre concerned about the level of lead in your drinking supply, you can request a water test. 6 symptoms seen in cases of heavy metals toxicity: Paranoia Delusions Sleeplessness Psychosis Suicidal Ideation Hallucinations Vaping THC and Addiction Vaping comes in both nicotine and non-nicotine versions, but another popular drug used in Vape devices is THC. Rule and her team are now planning further studies of vaping and metal exposures, with particular attention to their impacts on people. Infants who drink formula mixed with tap water are at especially high risk if their drinking water is contaminated. 18 Solvents and additives used in vapes appear to be the culprits behind EVALI, the mysterious lung illness outbreak that occurred in 2019. As the metal builds up in your body, you can get sick. However, toxins can enter our body in many ways through the food we eat, the water we drink and even sometimes through our dental fillings. The Food and Drug Administration has the authority to regulate e-cigarettes but is still considering how to do so. Environmental and industrial factors expose you to high levels of heavy metals every day, including the foods you eat and air you breathe, Copper deficiency isnt common, but it can happen. Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention, What Is Rectal Bleeding? Drowsiness. 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44195 |, Important Updates + Notice of Vendor Data Event, (https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/heavy-metal-blood-test/), (https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/heavy-metal-poisoning/), (https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/6577/heavy-metal-poisoning). Over time, it can damage lung tissue and lead to damage of the kidneys, liver, bones, and blood. Erika Edwards is a health and medical news writer and reporter for NBC News and "TODAY.". We dont know yet whether metals are chemically leaching from the coil or vaporizing when its heated, Rule says. Accessed April 30, 2021. Everything you need to know about what tinnitus is and its causes, symptoms, and treatments. Be aware of potential sources of lead exposure. Heavy metal poisoning occurs when your bodys soft tissues absorb too much of a particular metal. The patient a dog walker by trade had no such exposure. Shutterstock Many of the patients who were hospitalized after vaping THC or nicotine were reported to have run fevers. Handling metals or products made with a large amount of metal (like paint or pesticides) without using personal protective equipment. As the metal builds up in your body, you can get sick. Your provider will closely monitor your symptoms and treatment. Be sure that your earring backings also are made of hypoallergenic materials. The Internet is full of detox kits and cleansing protocols that claim to eliminate heavy metals from your body. They include: Your doctor will also ask you about your job, hobbies, diet, and anything else that could have put you in contact with dangerous substances. All rights reserved. The researchers obtained 13 different brands of vaporizer cartridges from a legal retailer in Washington state. And most of them havent been evaluated for safety or effectiveness. This content does not have an Arabic version. Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention, What Is Myopia (Nearsightedness)? Lead, mercury, arsenic, and cadmium are the metals most commonly associated with heavy metal poisoning in the United States. As they bind to the metals, chelators help to usher them out of your body as waste. Reading labels on products you purchase to see if they contain metals (. Ensure your workplaces follows OSHA guidlines. Others had damaged alveoli, the tiny air sacs responsible for allowing oxygen into the blood and carbon dioxide out. Let's look at the effects of this flowering, Although stingrays generally arent dangerous, they will sting when disturbed or stepped on accidentally. website for an assortment of chelation products. By subscribing you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. A general feeling of upset and tiredness, an unwillingness to do anything the way you did before. GUARANTEED! But what are the heavy metals? You can reduce your risk of heavy metal poisoning by minimizing your exposure to heavy metals. 2005 - 2023 WebMD LLC, an Internet Brands company. Consume a non-edible product made with metal (paint). E-cigarette heating coils typically are made of nickel, chromium and a few other elements, making them the most obvious sources of metal contamination, although the source of the lead remains a mystery. 2 Despite causing some concern, the problem was not . Check for any heavy metals listed on the labels of products you bring into your home. Another very common source of heavy metals is cosmetics. Chelating agents can also attach to healthy metals and minerals in your body, so your provider will closely monitor how your body responds to treatment. Please see our Privacy Policy | Terms of Service, About | Cookie Policy | Editorial Policy | Contact | Do not sell my personal information |Cookie Settings. Accessed April 30, 2021. But patients have also reported . Limiting the amount of fish that contain metals (mercury) in your diet. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. The finding that e-cigarettes expose usersknown as vapersto what may be harmful levels of toxic metals could make this issue a focus of future FDArules. If your bodys soft tissues accumulate too much of these substances, the resulting poisoning can cause serious health problems. This most often affects people who: Children are at a higher risk of heavy metal poisoning because their bodies are still developing and they are more sensitive to the harmful effects of heavy metals. Wearing personal protective equipment, like a mask and gloves, when working with heavy metals. This damage comes in the form of introducing toxic metals into the body, possibly causing toxic metal poisoning. If you have symptoms of heavy metal poisoning, but your blood test only shows low levels, you doctor might do some additional testing. (Photo by Edward Berthelot/Getty Images). Acute poisoning. Some herbal remedies can be counterfeit and laced with things such as arsenic because of the way they were mixed. Chelation can be an important part of treatment. Your doctor will ask you if youve been exposed to any substances that are known to cause poisoning. The heavy metals most commonly associated with poisoning of humans are lead, mercury, arsenic and cadmium. Weakness. Their consumer guides offer quick and clear guidance on everything from tap water to mercury levels in seafood. To avoid this, make sure to eat as many raw or natural foods as you can. E-cigarettes typically use a battery-supplied electric current that passes through a metal coil to heat nicotine-containing e-liquids, creating an aerosola mix including vaporized e-liquid and tiny liquid droplets. You're running a fever. TRS does an incredible job of clearing out toxins, especially heavy metals. The exact rate of occurrence is unknown, but in the United States, heavy metal poisoning is rare since it only affects people who have exposure to heavy metals. Black children have the highest rates of elevated blood lead levels in the United States. Common chelating agents include: These chelating agents are usually given to people with severe heavy metal poisoning through an IV that places a small needle into your vein to slowly distribute the medicine into your body. Her lung condition was quite different from others. And [a]t the high voltage and temperature settings of standard [vaporizer] devices, dissolved metals or even fine metallic particles from the heating coil or the liquid could have the potential to be inhaled into the consumers lungs, according to findings from a team of researchers at Medicine Creek Analytics, a licensed cannabis testing laboratory in Fife, Washington, recently published online ahead of a future print date in the peer reviewed journal Chemical Research in Toxicology. We avoid using tertiary references. Heavy metal poisoning is caused by the accumulation of certain metals in the body due to exposure through food, water, industrial chemicals, or other sources. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". Treatment could include: Some metals, like cadmium, dont have an effective treatment to remove it from your body. The California woman's lung damage is likely permanent, her doctors said, although her lung function may improve. Read more about Power of Positivity Bipolar 2 disorder is a mental health condition characterized by episodes of hypomania and depression. Heavy metal poisoning occurs when metals get into your body. Theyre used in many modern-day applications, such as agriculture, medicine, and industry. The exact cause of nickel allergy is unknown. Cleveland Clinic Community Care puts patients first by offering comprehensive, coordinated, personalized healthcare. Shortness of breath. Still, according to the National Organization for Rare Disorders, the number of children with signs of potentially harmful lead levels has dropped by 85 percent over the last 20 years. Heavy metal poisoning refers to when excessive exposure to a heavy metal affects the normal function of the body. Advertised Price Toxic heavy metals are heavy metals that become poisonous to the body when they are not metabolised or excreted and so accumulate in organs and tissues. Examples of heavy metals that we can come across in our day-to-day lives (and can poison us) are mercury, thallium, lead, arsenic and many, many more. See your doctor instead. Nickel allergy. With arsenic and lead exposure, for example, symptoms may not show up for two to eight weeks. Nor could they determine whether there was a level of added terpenes that seemed to be protective. But the therapy can be dangerous, and it doesnt work with all heavy metals. In an earlier study of the 56 vapers, led by Angela Aherrera, MPH, a DrPH student at the Bloomberg School, the levels of nickel and chromium in urine and saliva were related to those measured in the aerosol, confirming that e-cigarette users are exposed to thesemetals. Evidence that vaping isnt entirely safe continues to accumulate, however. You would be surprised just how many of the heavy metals can be found in something as common as your food. The symptoms of heavy metal exposure range from headaches to constant fatigue. A total of 5,760 cases of Capri Sun have been voluntarily recalled by the brands parent company, Kraft Heinz. Its important for the FDA, the e-cigarette companies and vapers themselves to know that these heating coils, as currently made, seem to be leaking toxic metalswhich then get into the aerosols that vapers inhale, says study senior author Ana Mara Rule, PhD, MHS, an assistant scientist in the Bloomberg Schools Department of Environmental Health andEngineering. Zeolite is an amazing little mineral that goes throughout the body, picking up toxins and carrying them out. For mild cases of heavy metal poisoning, just eliminating your exposure to heavy metals can be enough to treat the condition. Breathing in or inhaling tiny metal molecules. E-cigarette liquids and vapors contain metals and metalloids at levels likely to be harmful to people's health . If you think you have heavy metal poisoning, dont try to diagnose it or treat it on your own. wheezing. They can increase risk of heart damage, 15 and cause lung inflammation, 16 nausea, 17 and a decrease in lung immune system response. Always check the source of your herbal remedies before ordering them. Identifying and removing the heavy metal from your body leads to a positive outcome that prevents life-threatening symptoms. They may waste your money, and some could be dangerous. In the United States, heavy metal poisoning is very rare. E-cigarettes deliver lead, arsenic, nickel, and other metals at harmful levels. Vaping marijuana raises the risk of this leaching, because the devices must be heated to much higher temperatures to aerosolize THC than to aerosolize nicotine. Unborn children and children younger than 3 are most vulnerable to lead poisoning. Taking medications or supplements with high amounts of metallic elements. If you have heavy metal poisoning, you should avoid eating and drinking food items that contain metals, especially seafood like fish. People can get cobalt poisoning by breathing in too much cobalt, swallowing too much of it or having prolonged skin contact with it. Take a look at some of the most common things to look out for. According to recently published research, the vaporizer devices themselves have the potential to poison users with heavy metals, leached into cannabis vapor during the heating process and inhaled directly into users lungs. All trademarks and service marks are the property of their respective owners. Nicotine is the substance responsible for cravings and withdrawal symptoms, which can make quitting challenging. The median lead concentration in the aerosols, for example, was about 15 g/kg, or more than 25 times greater than the median level in the refill dispensers. Once inside of your body, the metals reside in your blood or tissues, which spreads from your head to your toes. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. All rights Reserved. Even so, the results suggest that cannabis vaporizers arent always the safer option their advocates often claim. Your doctor can give you more specific recommendations on how to reduce your exposure. Recent studies have found that e-cigarette liquids contain flavorings and other chemicals that harm cells in standard toxicology tests. Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic School of Graduate Medical Education, Mayo Clinic School of Continuous Professional Development, Mayo Clinic on Incontinence - Mayo Clinic Press, NEW Mayo Clinic on High Blood Pressure - Mayo Clinic Press, Mayo Clinic on Hearing and Balance - Mayo Clinic Press, FREE Mayo Clinic Diet Assessment - Mayo Clinic Press, Mayo Clinic Health Letter - FREE book - Mayo Clinic Press, Financial Assistance Documents Minnesota, Book: Mayo Clinic Family Health Book, 5th Edition, Newsletter: Mayo Clinic Health Letter Digital Edition, Dry patches of skin that may resemble a burn, Blisters and draining fluid in severe cases, Other jewelry, including rings, bracelets, necklaces and jewelry clasps, Clothing fasteners, such as zippers, snaps and bra hooks, Watchbands made of leather, cloth or plastic, Zippers or clothing fasteners made of plastic or coated metals.

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